Iyo kambani Shanghai VEN Pharmatech Engineering Co., Ltd.
IVEN Pharmatech Engineering ikambani yepasi rose yehunyanzvi hweinjiniya inopa mhinduro dzehutano. Isu tinopa mhinduro dzakabatana dzeinjiniya dzemafekitori emishonga pasi rese uye mafekitori ekurapa tichitevedzera mutemo weEU GMP / US FDA cGMP, WHO GMP, PIC/S GMP nezvimwewo. Tine makore makumi emakore eruzivo muindasitiri yemishonga neyekurapa, tinozvipira kupa mhinduro dzinogutsa dzakagadzirirwa vatengi vedu pasi rese, dzinosanganisira dhizaini yepurojekiti yepamusoro, michina yemhando yepamusoro, manejimendi inoshanda, uye sevhisi yakazara muhupenyu hwese.
Tiri vanaani?
IVEN yakavambwa muna 2005 uye yakanyura muindasitiri yemishonga neyekurapa, takavamba mafekitori mana anogadzira michina yekuzadza nekuisa mishonga, sisitimu yekurapa mvura yemishonga, sisitimu yekufambisa nekugadzira zvinhu. Takapa zviuru zvemichina yekugadzira mishonga neyekurapa uye mapurojekiti ekuchinja, takashandira mazana evatengi vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu, takabatsira vatengi vedu kuvandudza kugona kwavo kugadzira mishonga neyekurapa, kuwana mugove wemusika uye mukurumbira wakanaka mumusika wavo.
Chii Chatinoita?
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana, tinogadzirisa mhinduro yeinjiniya yakabatanidzwa yemishonga inopinzwa mujekiseni, mishonga yakasimba yemishonga, mishonga yezvebhayoloji, fekitori inodyiwa yekurapa, uye fekitori yakazara. Mhinduro yedu yeinjiniya yakabatanidzwa inosanganisira imba yakachena, zvishandiso zvakachena, sisitimu yekurapa mvura yemishonga, sisitimu yekugadzira, otomatiki yemishonga, sisitimu yekurongedza, sisitimu yehurongwa hwezvinhu, sisitimu yekudzora mhando, laboratori yepakati nezvimwewo. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, IVEN inogona kupa sevhisi yehunyanzvi seizvi:
*Kupa mazano ekuita kuti chirongwa chibudirire
*Kugadzira mapurojekiti einjiniya
*Sarudzo yemhando yemidziyo uye kugadzirisa
*Kuisa uye kumhanyisa
* Kusimbiswa kwemidziyo uye maitiro
*Kupa mazano eKudzora Hunhu
*Kutamisa tekinoroji yekugadzira
*Magwaro akaomarara uye akapfava
*Kudzidziswa kwevashandi
*Basa rehupenyu hwese mushure mekutengesa
*Hutongi hwekugadzira
*Kuvandudza sevhisi nezvimwewo.
Sei Tiri?
Gadzira kukosha kwevatengindiko kukosha kwekuvapo kweIven, zvakare gwara rekuita kune vese nhengo dzedu dzeIven. Kambani yedu yave ichishandira vatengi vekunze kwenyika kwemakore anopfuura gumi nematanhatu, tinonzwisisa zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu vekunze kwenyika zvakanaka, uye tinogara tichipa michina yemhando yepamusoro uye purojekiti kune vatengi nemutengo unonzwisisika.
Nyanzvi dzedu dzehunyanzvi dzine ruzivo rwemakumi emakore muindasitiri yemishonga nekurapa, dzichiziva zvakawanda zvinodiwa pasi rose zveGMP, zvakaita seEU GMP / US FDA cGMP, WHO GMP, PIC/S GMP principle nezvimwewo.
Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chinoshanda nesimba uye chinoshanda zvakanaka, chine ruzivo rwakakura pamhando dzakasiyana dzemapurojekiti emishonga, tinovaka purojekiti yemhando yepamusoro kwete kungofunga nezvezvinodiwa nemutengi iye zvino, asiwo tichifunga nezvekuchengetedza mari yekushanda kwezuva nezuva kwemutengi uye nyore kwekugadzirisa, kunyangwe kuwedzera kweramangwana.
Chikwata chedu chekutengesa chakadzidza zvikuru chine maonero epasi rose uye ruzivo rwakabatana nehunyanzvi hwemishonga, chinopa vatengi sevhisi ine hushamwari uye inoshanda kubva padanho rekutanga kutengesa kusvika padanho rekupedzisira kutengesa nepfungwa yakasimba yemutoro nebasa.
Nyaya yeProjekiti
Une matambudziko anotevera here?
• Zvinhu zvakakosha pachirongwa chekugadzira hazvinyanyi kukosha, marongerwo acho haana musoro.
• Dhizaini yekudzika haina kuenzana, kuiisa kwacho kwakaoma.
• Kufambira mberi kwechirongwa chekugadzira hakuchadzoreki, purogiramu yekuvaka haina magumo.
• Hunhu hwemidziyo haugone kuzivikanwa kusvika yatadza kushanda.
• Zvakaoma kufungidzira mutengo kusvika warasikirwa nemari.
• Ndakapedza nguva yakawanda ndichishanyira vatengesi, ndichivaudza nezvechirongwa chekugadzira uye manejimendi yekuvaka, ndichienzanisa mumwe mushure memumwe kakawanda.
Iven inopa mhinduro yeinjiniya yakabatana yefekitori yepasi rose yemishonga neyekurapa inosanganisira imba yakachena, auto-control uye monitoring system, pharmaceutical water treatment system, kugadzirira uye kutumira mhinduro, kuzadza nekurongedza system, otomatiki logistics system, quality control system uye central laboratory nezvimwewo. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri yemishonga munyika dzakasiyana uye zvinodiwa nevatengi, IVEN inonyatsogadzirisa mhinduro dzeinjiniya dzemapurojekiti eturnkey uye inobatsira vatengi vedu kuwana mukurumbira wepamusoro uye chinzvimbo muindasitiri yemishonga kumba.
Fekitori Yedu
Michina yeMishonga：
Kugona kwedu kwekugadzira nekugadzira michina yemishonga yezvigadzirwa zve IV solution series kuri kutungamira zvikuru munyika nepasi rose. Yakanyorera ma patent ehunyanzvi anopfuura makumi matanhatu, inogona kupa magwaro ekubvumidza zvigadzirwa zvevatengi uye chitupa cheGMP. Kambani yedu yakatengesa mazana emhando ye IV solution yakagadzirwa nebhegi rakapfava kusvika pakupera kwa2014, ine 50% yemusika; girazi remabhodhoro e IV solution yakagadzirwa nechikamu chemusika chinodarika 70% muChina. Plastiki mabhodhoro e IV solution yakagadzirwawo kuCentral Asia nekuSoutheast Asia nezvimwewo. Inowana rumbidzo kubva kune vatengi vese. Kambani yedu yakavaka hukama hwakanaka hwebhizinesi nevagadziri ve IV solution vanopfuura mazana matatu muChina, uye yakawana mukurumbira wakanaka muUzbekistan, Pakistan, Negeria nedzimwe nyika makumi matatu. Tava rudzi rweChinese rwunofarirwa nevagadziri ve IV solution pasi rose vari kutenga. Fekitori yedu yemishonga ndeimwe yenhengo dzakakosha dzeChina Pharmaceutical Equipment Association, National Technical Committee on Pharmaceutical Equipment Standardization, uye inotungamira mugadziri wePharmaceutical Production Machinery muChina. Isu tinodzora zvakanyanya mhando yemuchina, zvichibva paISO9001:2008, tinotevedzera cGMP, European GMP, US FDA GMP uye WHO GMP standards nezvimwewo.
Takagadzira michina yakasiyana-siyana kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa, zvakaita seNon-PVC Soft Bag/PP bottle/Glass bottle IV solution production line, automatic ampoule/vial washing-filling-sealing production line, oral liquid washing-drying–filling-sealing production line, dialysis solution filling-sealing production line, prefilled syringe filling-sealing production line etc.
Midziyo Yekurapa Mvura：
Ikambani ine tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro inonyanya kugadzira R&D uye kugadzira RO unit yePurified Water, system yekuchenesa mvura ine simba rakawanda yeWater For Injection, purified steam generator, system dzekugadzirira mhinduro, marudzi ese emvura netangi rekuchengetera mhinduro, uye system dzekuparadzira.
Tinopa dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye kugadzira zvinoenderana neGMP, USP, FDA GMP, EU GMP nezvimwewo.
Kurongedza Mota uye Sisitimu Yekuchengetedza Zvinhu & Chigadzirwa：
Semugadziri anotungamira wehurongwa hwekuchengetedza zvinhu uye otomatiki, tinotarisa pakuongorora nekuvandudza zvivakwa zvehurongwa hwekuchengetedza zvinhu, kugadzira, mainjiniya nekudzidzisa.
Ipai vatengi sisitimu yese yekubatanidza kubva kuAuto Packing kuenda kuWarehouse WMS & WCS engineering ine mhando yepamusoro uye sevhisi yakanaka, senge muchina wekupaka makatoni werobhoti, muchina wekupakura makatoni otomatiki, sisitimu yekutakura zvinhu otomatiki uye sisitimu yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAutomatic mativi matatu nezvimwewo.
Nemhinduro dzakawanda dzisingadhuri, mapurojekiti edu nezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemishonga, chikafu, maindasitiri emagetsi uye indasitiri yekutakura zvinhu nezvimwewo.
Chigadzirwa cheMichina yeKuunganidza Ropa reVacuum：
Takanyanya kutarisa pamichina yekugadzira machubhu eropa emhando yepamusoro, inoshanda, inoshanda uye yakagadzikana uye sisitimu yakakodzera yekuzvigadzira otomatiki. Takashandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira machubhu eropa revacuum mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, uye takagadzira zvizvarwa zvakati wandei zveVacuum Blood Collection Tube Production Lines, iyo yakasimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira ropa revacuum kusvika padanho repamusoro pasi rese.
Tinoshanda nesimba guru pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye hunyanzvi, tawana mapatenti anopfuura makumi maviri ekugadzira michina yekuunganidza ropa. Tinovandudza hunyanzvi hwemidziyo nguva dzose uye tinova mutungamiriri nemugadziri weindasitiri yekugadzira michina yekuunganidza ropa muChina.
Mapurojekiti eMhiri kweM ...
Kusvika pari zvino, tatove nemazana emidziyo yemishonga nemidziyo yekurapa kunyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu. Panguva iyi, takabatsira vatengi vedu kuvaka fekitori yemishonga nemidziyo yekurapa nemapurojekiti ekuchinja muUSA, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Indonesia, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Nigeria, Uganda, Laos nezvimwewo. Mapurojekiti ese aya akafadza vatengi vedu nehurumende yavo.
North America
Chivako chemazuva ano chemishonga muUSA chakavakwa zvizere nekambani yekuChina - Shanghai IVEN Pharmatech Engineering, ndicho chekutanga uye chiitiko chikuru muindasitiri yeinjiniya yemishonga muChina.
Mutsetse wekuzadza mabhegi eIV unoshandisa otomatiki kudhinda, kugadzira mabhegi, kuzadza uye kuvhara. Mushure meizvozvo, sisitimu yekuchenesa mabhegi eIV inoisa otomatiki marobhoti mukutakura nekuburitsa mabhegi aya kumatireyi ekuchenesa, uye matireyi acho anongopinda nekubuda otomatiki kubva mu autoclave. Zvadaro, mabhegi eIV akacheneswa anoongororwa nemuchina wekuona kudonha kwemvura une simba guru uye muchina wekuongorora unoonekwa ne auto, kuti vatarise kudonha kwemvura, zvidimbu zviri mukati uye zvikanganiso zvebhegi nenzira yakavimbika.
Central Asia
Munyika shanu dzeCentral Asia, mishonga yakawanda inotengwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika, tisingatauri nezvekushandisa jekiseni. Mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda nesimba, takatobatsira kuti vabude mumatambudziko mumwe mushure memumwe. MuKazakhstan, takavaka fekitori hombe yemishonga inosanganisira Soft Bag IV-Solution Production Lines mbiri uye Ampoules Injection Production Lines ina.
MuUzbekistan, takavaka PP Bottle IV-Solution Pharmaceutical Factory, iyo inogona kugadzira mabhodhoro mamiriyoni gumi nemasere pagore. Fekitori iyi haingovi nerubatsiro rukuru mune zvehupfumi chete asiwo inopa vanhu veko mabhenefiti anooneka pakurapwa kwemishonga.
Africa
Africa ine vanhu vakawanda, umo maindasitiri emishonga achiri asina simba, inoda kunyanya kunetseka. Parizvino, tiri kuvaka Soft Bag IV-Solution Pharmaceutical Factory muNigeria, iyo inogona kugadzira mabhegi emhando yepamusoro anosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri pagore. Ticharamba tichivaka mafekitori emishonga epamusoro muAfrica, uye tinoda kuti vanhu vemuAfrica vawane pundutso inooneka nekushandisa mishonga yakachengeteka yekugadzira mishonga mudzimba.
Middle East
KuMiddle East, indasitiri yemishonga iri kutanga, asi vanga vachireva USA FDA ine pfungwa yepamusoro uye yepamusoro-soro yekutarisira mhando yemishonga yavo uye mafekitori emishonga. Mumwe wevatengi vedu vanobva kuSaudi Arabia akatipa gwaro rekuti tiite Soft Bag IV-Solution Turnkey Project yese kwavari, iyo inogona kugadzira mabhegi anodarika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri pagore.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia, indasitiri yemishonga yakavaka hwaro, asi hazvisati zviri nyore kwavari kuvaka fekitori yemhando yepamusoro yeIV-Solution. Mumwe wevatengi vedu vekuIndonesia, mushure mekusarudza, akatisarudzawo, isu tinogadzira michina yakasimba kwazvo, kuti tivake fekitori yeIV-Solution Pharmaceutical Factory yepamusoro munyika yavo. Tapedza chirongwa chavo chechikamu chekutanga nemabhodhoro 8000 paawa chiri kufamba zvakanaka. Uye chikamu chechipiri chavo nemabhodhoro 12000 paawa, Tapedza kuisa uye tiri kugadzira.
CHIKWATA CHEDU
• Sechikwata chehunyanzvi chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi uye zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa muindasitiri yeMishonga, ruzhinji rwezvigadzirwa zvinotengwa zvakanaka, zvine mutengo unokwikwidzana, zvinodhura zvakanaka uye zvine purofiti.
• Nehurongwa hwehunyanzvi hwekudzora uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando, dhizaini yedu nekuvaka zvakatevedzera mitemo yeFAD, GMP, ISO9001 uye 14000 yemhando yepamusoro, Midziyo yacho inogara kwenguva refu uye inogona kushandiswa kwemakore anopfuura 15. (Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi isina ngura zvinowanikwa kwemakore anopfuura 20)
• Chikwata chedu chekugadzira chinotungamirwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda dzepamusoro muindasitiri yeMishonga dzine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, hunyanzvi mukuwedzera ruzivo, kusimbisa ruzivo, uye vimbiso yakazara yekuitwa kwepurojekiti zvinobudirira.
• Nekuverenga nokungwarira, kuronga zvine musoro uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emari, kuronga masikero uye kugadzirisa mutengo webasa rekuvaka, nokudaro vimbisa kuti mabhizinesi anowana purofiti yakanaka.
• Nerutsigiro rwechikwata chebasa rehunyanzvi online uye offline mumitauro yakawanda, senge: muChirungu, Spanish, French, etc, nokudaro vimbisa basa remhando yepamusoro uye rinoshanda zvakanaka.
• Makore anopfuura gumi eruzivo pabasa rekugadzira mishonga, vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekuisa nekuvaka, mapurojekiti aya akatevedzera zvinodiwa neFDA, GMP neEuropean Union pamwe nekumwe kuongorora.
VAMWE VEVATENGESI VEDU
Mabasa Anoshamisa Akapihwa neChikwata Chedu Kuvatengi Vedu!
Chitupa Chekambani
CE
FDA
FDA
ISO 9001
Mharidzo yeNyaya yeProjekiti
Takatumira michina yakawanda kunyika dzinopfuura makumi mana, takapawo mapurojekiti ekugadzira mishonga anopfuura gumi uye mapurojekiti akawanda ekugadzira mishonga. Nekushanda nesimba nguva dzese, takawana zvakataurwa nevatengi vedu uye takagadzira mukurumbira wakanaka mumusika wepasi rose zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kuzvipira Kwebasa
Rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwekutengesa zvisati zvatengeswa
1. Tora chikamu mubasa rekugadzirira purojekiti uye kupa mazano ekutarisa ari pedyo kana mutengi atanga kuita chirongwa chepurojekiti uye kusarudza mhando yemidziyo.
2. Tumira mainjiniya ehunyanzvi pamwe nevashandi vekutengesa kuti vaite kutaurirana kwakadzama nezvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvemutengi uye vape mhinduro yekutanga yekusarudza mhando yemidziyo.
3. Ipai mutengi gwaro remafambiro ebasa, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye marongerwo emidziyo inoenderana neiri kudhirowa chivako chefekitori.
4. Ipa muenzaniso weinjiniya wekambani kuti mutengi aonekwe nawo panguva yekusarudza nekugadzira mhando dzezvinhu. Panguva imwe chete ipa zvinhu zvine chekuita nemuenzaniso weinjiniya wekuchinjana tekinoroji.
5. Ongorora nzvimbo yekugadzira uye mafambiro ekambani. Ipa magwaro ane chekuita nehurongwa hwekutarisira zvinhu uye hurongwa hwekudzora mhando.
II Kutarisira Mapurojekiti Ari Kutengeswa
1. Nezvechirongwa chine chibvumirano chayo chakasainwa, kambani inoita basa rekutarisira chirongwa ichi kubva pakusaina chibvumirano kusvika pakuongorora kwekupedzisira uye kugamuchirwa kwechirongwa. Matanho ekutanga ndeaya anotevera: kusaina chibvumirano, kusarudza girafu yepurani yepurani, kugadzira nekugadzirisa, kuunganidza nekudzima zvikanganiso zvishoma, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekupedzisira, kuongorora kuendesa, kutumira michina, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zveterminal, kutarisa nekubvuma.
2. Kambani ichagadza mainjiniya ane ruzivo rwakakura mukutarisira mapurojekiti semunhu anotungamira, uyo achatora mutoro wakazara wekutarisira mapurojekiti uye kutaurirana. Mutengi anofanira kusimbisa zvinhu zvekurongedza uye kusiya muenzaniso. Mutengi anofanirawo kupa zvinhu zvekutanga panguva yekubatanidza nekugadzirisa mapurojekiti mahara kumutengesi.
3. Kuongororwa kwekutanga uye kugamuchirwa kwemidziyo kunogona kuitwa mufekitori yemutengesi kana mufekitori yemutengi. Kana kuongororwa uye kugamuchirwa kwacho kwakaitwa mufekitori yemutengesi, mutengi anofanira kutumira vanhu kufekitori yemutengesi kuti vaongorore uye kugamuchirwa mukati memazuva manomwe ekushanda mushure mekugamuchira chiziviso chekugadzirwa kwemidziyo kwapera kubva kumutengesi. Kana kuongororwa uye kugamuchirwa kwacho kwakaitwa mufekitori yemutengi, michina yacho inofanira kusunungurwa uye kuongororwa nekuvapo kwezvinhu kubva kumutengesi nemutengi mukati memazuva maviri ekushanda mushure mekunge michina yasvika. Mushumo wekuongorora uye kugamuchirwa kwacho unofanirawo kupedzwa.
4. Chirongwa chekuisa michina chinotsanangurwa kuburikidza nechibvumirano chemapato ese ari maviri. Vashandi vayo vanogadzirisa matambudziko vachatungamira kuiswa kwacho zvichienderana nechibvumirano uye vachadzidzisa vashandi vemushandisi vari kushanda nekuchengetedza.
5. Kana mvura, magetsi, gasi nezvinhu zvinogadzirisa dambudziko zvichipihwa, mutengi anogona kuzivisa mutengesi negwaro rekunyora kuti atumire vashandi kuti vagadzirise dambudziko remidziyo. Mari yemvura, magetsi, gasi nezvinhu zvinogadzirisa dambudziko inofanira kubhadharwa nemutengi.
6. Kugadzirisa dambudziko kunoitwa muzvikamu zviviri. Midziyo inoiswa uye mitsetse inoiswa muchikamu chekutanga. Muchikamu chechipiri, kugadzirisa dambudziko uye kumhanya kwemuchina wemhepo kunoitwa kana mhepo yemushandisi yacheneswa uye mvura, magetsi, gasi nezvinhu zvekugadzirisa dambudziko zviripo.
7. Nezvekuongorora kwekupedzisira nekugamuchirwa, bvunzo yekupedzisira inoitwa zvichienderana nechibvumirano nebhuku remirairo yemidziyo pamberi pevashandi vemutengesi nemutungamiriri wemutengi. Rondedzero yekupedzisira yekuongorora nekugamuchirwa inozadzwa kana bvunzo yekupedzisira yapera.
Magwaro Ehunyanzvi Akapihwa III
I) Ruzivo rwekufanirwa kuiswa (IQ)
1. Chitupa chemhando yepamusoro, bhuku remirairo, runyorwa rwekurongedza
2. Rondedzero yekutumira, runyorwa rwezvikamu zvekupfeka, chiziviso chekugadzirisa dambudziko
3. Madhayagiramu ekuisa (kusanganisira dhizaini yemuchina, dhizaini yenzvimbo yepombi yekubatanidza, dhizaini yenzvimbo yenode, dhizaini yemagetsi, dhizaini yedhiraivha yedhiraivha yemakanika, bhuku remirairo yekuisa nekusimudza)
4. Bhuku rekushandisa rezvikamu zvikuru zvakatengwa
II) Data rezvitupa zvekushanda (PQ)
1. Mushumo wekuongorora kwefekitori pamusoro pechipimo chekushanda
2. Chitupa chekugamuchira chishandiso
3. Chitupa chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemuchina mukuru
4. Mitemo iripo yekugamuchirwa kwechigadzirwa
III) Ruzivo rwekufanirwa kwekushanda (OQ)
1. Nzira yekuyedza yeparameter yehunyanzvi hwemidziyo uye indekisi yekushanda
2. Maitiro ekushanda akajairika, maitiro ekugeza akajairika
3. Maitiro ekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa
4. Maitiro ekuti michina isaparare
5. Rekodhi yekukodzera kuiswa
6. Rekodhi yezvidzidzo zvekushanda zvakanaka
7. Rekodhi yekukodzera kumhanya kwemutyairi wendege
IV) Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwemidziyo
1. Kusimbiswa kwebasa rekutanga (tarisa huwandu hwakaremerwa uye kujeka)
2. Tarisa kana chimiro uye kugadzirwa kwacho kwakafanana
3. Bvunzo inoshanda yezvinodiwa zvekudzora otomatiki
4. Kupa mhinduro inoita kuti michina yese ikwanise kusangana nekusimbiswa kweGMP
IV Basa reKutengesa Mushure mekutengesa
1. Gadzira mafaira emidziyo yevatengi, chengetedza zvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvisingakanganiswi, uye ipa mazano ekuvandudza nekuchinja tekinoroji yemutengi.
2. Gadzirisai nzira yekutevera. Shanyirai mutengi nguva nenguva kana kuiswa nekugadziriswa kwemidziyo kwapera kuti muwane ruzivo rwekushandisa panguva yakakodzera kuitira kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti michina inoshanda zvakanaka, yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika uye kuti mubvise kunetseka kwevatengi.
3. Pindura mukati memaawa maviri mushure mekugamuchira chiziviso chekukundikana kwemidziyo yemutengi kana zvinodiwa pabasa. Ronga vashandi vekugadzirisa kuti vasvike panzvimbo yacho mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana, uye maawa makumi mana nemasere kana zvichibvira.
4. Nguva yevimbiso yemhando yepamusoro: gore rimwe mushure mekugamuchirwa kwemuchina. "Zvivimbiso zvitatu" zvakaitwa munguva yevimbiso yemhando yepamusoro zvinosanganisira: vimbiso yekugadzirisa (yemuchina wese), vimbiso yekutsiva (yezvikamu zvakapfekwa kunze kwekukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nevanhu), uye vimbiso yekudzoserwa mari (yezvikamu zvekusarudza).
5. Gadzira hurongwa hwekunyunyuta nezvebasa. Chinangwa chedu chikuru ndechekushandira vatengi vedu zviri nani uye kugamuchira kutarisirwa kwevatengi vedu. Tinofanira kugumisa zvachose chiitiko chekuti vashandi vedu vanotsvaga muripo panguva yekuisa michina, kugadzirisa matambudziko uye sevhisi yehunyanzvi.
V Chirongwa Chekudzidzisa Kushanda Nekuchengetedza
1. Nheyo huru yekudzidzisa ndeyekuti "huwandu hwakawanda, mhando yepamusoro, kukurumidza uye kuderedza mari". Chirongwa chekudzidzisa chinofanira kubatsira pakugadzira.
2. Kosi: Kosi yedzidziso uye kosi inoshanda. Kosi yedzidziso inonyanya kutaura nezve musimboti wekushanda kwemidziyo, chimiro, hunhu hwekushanda, huwandu hwekushandiswa, matanho ekudzivirira mashandiro, nezvimwewo. Nzira yekudzidzisa yemudzidzi inoshandiswa mukosi inoshanda inoita kuti vadzidzi vakwanise kukurumidza kugona mashandiro, kugadzirisa zuva nezuva, kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kugadzirisa michina uye kutsiva nekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakatarwa.
3. Vadzidzisi: Dhizaini huru yechigadzirwa uye matekiniki ane ruzivo
4. Vadzidzi: Vashandi vanoshanda, vashandi vekugadzirisa uye vashandi vane hukama nevanoda kutungamira kubva kumutengi.
5. Maitiro ekudzidzisa: Chirongwa chekudzidzisa chinoitirwa panzvimbo yekugadzira michina yekambani kekutanga, uye chirongwa chekudzidzisa chinoitirwa panzvimbo yekugadzira yemushandisi kechipiri.
6. Nguva yekudzidziswa: Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emidziyo nevadzidzi
7. Mari yekudzidziswa: Kupa ruzivo rwekudzidziswa mahara uye kugamuchira vadzidzi mahara uye pasina muripo wekudzidziswa.